JPA :

• JPA is a standard interface for interacting with databases in Java.

• It provides a common set of interfaces and classes that can be used to create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) data in a database.

• JPA defines a set of annotations for mapping Java objects to a relational database, and it provides a standard way to write queries using the Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL)

Hibernate :

• Hibernate is a powerful and flexible ORM framework that implements the JPA specification and provides additional features on top of it.

• It provides a powerful query language called Hibernate Query Language (HQL) that is similar to JPQL, but it also provides an option to write native SQL queries.

• It provides caching mechanism and a powerful optimization feature called "lazy loading" which improves the performance of the application by loading only the required data from the database.

• It provides additional features like second-level caching, automatic dirty checking, and more.